This knight’s armor wasn’t exactly shining, but he is very interesting nevertheless. This is a rewrite. I think my writing was so terrible that I feel that I didn’t give this prince enough respect.
Enrique was the younger son of King Fernando III, a great-grandson of Eleanor of Aquitaine. Fernando was King of Castile, Leon, and Galicia and conquered Andalusia. King Fernando III was later known as Saint Fernando because of the successful Reconquista held under his reign. The Reconquista was the campaign started by the Castilian king Alfonso VIII to reconquer Spanish lands from the Muslim sultans. The Reconquista did not end until 1492 when the Muslims were thrown out of Granada. Fernando III was married to Elizabeth of Hohenstaufen, daughter of the powerful Philip of Swabia and the Greek princess Irene, the daughter of a Byzantine Emperor. Elizabeth was a cousin of the infamous Frederick II of Germany and Sicily. Together they had 10 children, 6 of those were healthy boys. After the devout Elizabeth died, Ferdinand married the Countess of Ponthieu and Aumale, Jeanne and with her had Eleanor, later wife of King Edward II of England.
The sons of San Fernando Rey were Alfonso, later King Alfonso X, Fadrique who was raised in Sicily with his cousin Frederick II, Fernando, who died young in battle, Enrique, the subject of this post, Felipe, saved for the priesthood but gave it up for a Norwegian princess, Sancho, an intelligent, educated Archbishop, and Juan Manuel. The brothers spent most of their lives fighting over the lands San Fernando conquered and over the new laws Alfonso X sought to put in place. ENrique was especially ambitious and wished for a kingdom of his own, especially after conquered two lands in Andalusia on his own while his brother was busy writing poem, writing laws, and studying Astronomy. He became friends with his step mother Jeanne, who also felt she did not get the money she felt she deserved as the wife of the former King. Alfonso didn’t divide the newly conquered lands of Andalusia to Enrique’s and Queen Jeanne’s liking so they plotted against him. There were rumors that Jeanne and Enrique were lovers. In anger, King Alfonso kicked out Jeanne out of Castille despite the fact that her daughter Eleanor was about to marry the future Edward I of England. Enrique organized a rebellion in Southern Spain with the help of Alfonso’s enemies in 1255. He miscalculated his “nerdy” older brother and was defeated and forced into exile. He first went to Queen Jeanne’s land of Ponthieu. Enrique stayed in France for a short time. When his younger half sister, Eleanor, arrived in London, Enrique asked permission to stay with his sister. King Henry III allowed Enrique stay in 1256. He was then known as Henry of Castile. Enrique stayed about four years. While there Sancho, the son of Alfonso came to London to visit his aunt and uncle. Sancho was a rude guest and was unpopular with Londoners. He made fun of England and his sister’s “Spanish style” bedroom in the Tower of London. (which I visited personally!)
In 1258, there was a revolution in England. The Barons rose up against the king and his foreign in-laws and half-brothers hanging around taking English money. They wanted the foreigners out and to limit the King’s power through a Parliament. They finally made an agreement called the Provisions of Oxford. The foreign relatives including Enrique had to leave.
Enrique went to Aragon where King Jaume ruled. Jaume was the father of Alfonso’s wife, Violante. While at Jaume’s court he courted the Infanta Constanza. Constanza and Enrique fell in love and asked King Jaume if they could marry. Jaume said he would if he would conquer the Muslim land of Niebla and would make Enrique king. Then King Jaume went behind ENrique’s back and consulted with Alfonso who instead betrothed Constanza to Alfonso’s youngest brother Juan Manuel. Alfonso conquered Niebla himself in 1262. Heartbroken and without a home, or a kingdom, Enrique went to Tunis to give his services as a trained knight to the Sultan of Tunis, Al Mustansir.
In Tunis, he was welcomed Enrique as the son of a king. Enrique worked as a knight errant for the Sultan Al Mustansir, fighting wars for him against his other neighbors in Northern Africa. For his service, Enrique was betting that the Sultan would later help him start a kingdom in Andalusia. Enrique had of course his Christian entourage in Muslim land and were gaining popularity. The members of the sultan’s court became jealous and wanted the sultan to kill Enrique. The sultan refused for he liked Enrique and respected him as a knight and a prince.
About the same time Alfonso got into an argument with another brother Fadrique, who came to Castile from Italy after Frederick II’s death with his Italian wife. Fadrique became angry, again over his legal rights and lands and joined Enrique in Tunis.
The Tunisian members of court finally convinced the Emir to kill the ambitious Enrique. The told the Emir to lure Enrique into a courtyard. Then they would send to lions to eat Enrique. The Emir agreed.
Enrique was told to meet the Emir in the courtyard of his palace. Enrique and his men traveled to the palace. Once they arrived, members of court told Enrique to go alone and that his men must stay behind. Once Enrique left and was out of sight, the “Moors” attacked the men left behind.
Enrique entered the courtyard where the Emir was waiting. They talked about an upcoming attack on one of his neighbors. Then the Emir told Enrique to wait while he went to quickly take care of some business in another room. The Emir walked out a gate and shut the door. On the opposite end of the courtyard two hungry lions were released and ran after Enrique.
The “Moors” told Enrique’s men that they were wasting their time fighting as Enrique was going to be killed. Fadrique was angry and continued to fight, the other men began to fear for their future. They were losing the battle.
Enrique saw the lions and unsheathed his sword. The two lions and Enrique stared at each other, the light reflecting off of the sword blinded the lions. Enrique never turned his back to the lions and walked backwards out of the courtyard and quietly shut the gate. He ran out of the palace killing palace guards as he ran back out into the desert where his men were waiting.
He saw his men fighting the Tunisians and that they looked like they were giving up. He yelled a Castillian cheer to his men and they saw their prince! Enrique ran to his men and surrounded the Emir’s soldiers. Enrique had his sword on the Moor leader’s neck and told them to let his men free.
The Emir came out of his castle and called the fight to a halt. He said, “Let the Christians go!” and was sad to see his favorite knight leave.
Enrique and Fadrique embraced for Fadrique thought his brother had died. They all camped in the desert that night to decide where they would go next. Fadrique was raised in Sicily and Naples with his cousin Frederick and even had an Italian wife. After Frederick died, Frederick’s illegitimate son Manfred was fighting against the Pope to be the King of Sicily and that the pope was supporting the French Charles of Anjou to be the new king of Sicily. They decided to go to the Italian peninsula to offer their services to Charles of Anjou. Since they were cousins to the former king, Frederick II, perhaps for their services he could offer Enrique a kingship.
Enrique and Fadrique fought for Charles of Anjou and helped him to win. Enrique was never offered the kingship he so desired. He left Charles of Anjou and went to fight for his cousin, Conradin, grandson of Frederick II. Conradin was 16 and fought for the Sicilian crown he believed was rightfully his. Conradin lost and Charles had the youth beheaded and Enrique was imprisoned in Sicily for 23 years. That is a good thing for his brother Fadrique returned to Castile where his brother, King Alfonso, had him executed for treason and homosexuality with Fadrique’s co-conspirator in 1277. (those charges were probably false but it is interesting that his nephew, King Edward II of England was also rumored to be a homosexual.) Fadrique was killed without a trial and was secretly strangled to death. Fadrique’s co-conspirator was burned at the stake. It is not officially known why they were killed but in the Cantigas some written by Alfonso X, it mentions “Just as the candle burns so does the flesh of those who did not love womankind.” This was written the year that Fadrique died and his friend Simon was burned to death.
Enrique was later released long after King Alfonso died and returned to Castile where he became regent for his grandnephew King Fernando IV. Enrique had no legitimate children, and though spent most of his life in exile, died with some respect in Castile.
He was the ambitious, younger brother of a king who never got the respect or honor he thought he deserved.
Wars fought: The Reconquista (Kingdom of Castile) conquered Lebrija and Arcos in 1255, The Sicilian Vespers (both sides, won for Charles of Anjou, lost for Conradin), North Africa (various small battles and against two lions, Tunisia)
Exiled 1255-1298
Prison in Italy- 1268-1291
Titles- Senor de Moron, Cote, and Silibar, Senator of Rome, Adelantado Mayor
Sources- Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Wikipedia, Chronicle of Alfonso X, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Eleanor of Castile: Queen and Society in Thirteenth Century England (the last three found on Google Books)